Another Danger for Smokers: Kidney Disease

 

Doctors have known for a while now that smoking may increase the risk of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Now, a study shows that smoking may lead to potentially dangerous changes in kidney function even in otherwise healthy people.

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For the study, which appears in the Annals of Internal Medicine, a group of researchers from the Netherlands studied urine and blood samples from more than 7,000 people ages 28 to 75. The participants were divided into three groups: nonsmokers, current smokers, and former smokers (defined as those who had not smoked for more than a year).

Compared with nonsmokers, the current and former smokers had higher levels in their urine of a substance called albumin, and their bodies were slower to excrete another substance called creatinine. Higher albumin in urine and delayed creatinine excretion are early signs of abnormal kidney function, but since these conditions don't usually cause symptoms, most people don't know they may be starting to have kidney problems.

Other studies have shown that people with diabetes have similar changes in their kidney function if they smoke, but the study authors say their research is the first to demonstrate that smoking can have bad effects on your kidneys even if you have no other diseases. They suggest that certain toxic substances in tobacco smoke may be to blame.

The one bit of good news is that former smokers had fewer kidney abnormalities than current smokers, suggesting that smoking-induced changes are temporary and may be reversed if a person stops smoking.

A member of the National Kidney Foundation's public education committee tells WebMD that studies in diabetics show that it takes about a year from the time someone stops smoking until their level of albumin drops to normal. If it continues to rise, a serious situation called microalbuminuria will develop.

"We now know that microalbuminuria is the earliest manifestation of diabetic injury to the kidney that we can find,". "And we know that that will forecast ultimate destruction of the kidney." If that happens, dialysis and/or a kidney transplant will be needed.

In people with diabetes who are found to have microalbuminuria, it usually takes five to 10 years before serious kidney disease develops. Taking a "leap of faith," he theorizes that it should take longer for nondiabetics who develop microalbuminuria to become seriously ill with kidney disease.

The study, he says, is yet another warning to smokers that continuing their habit is hazardous to their health.

source: WebMD

How To Find Out If Dental Implants Are Right For You

An Implants dentist can give you replacement teeth that are more like your permanent teeth were. These teeth will be placed in your mouth on top of titanium rods that will become a part of your jawbone. The teeth will not move, they do not float around in your mouth, and they allow you to feel more confident when you smile.

Dental implants are the most natural looking type of replacement teeth that you can get. There are a few drawbacks with dental implants though. Not all people are good candidates for these replacement teeth, and not all dentists are capable of doing the procedures that an implants dentist can do.

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To find out if you are going to be able to get these replacement teeth in your mouth you will need to make an appointment with a dental clinic that does these procedures. Your regular dentist will not be able to tell you if the implantations are likely to be successful in your mouth or not. The good news is that the consultations for determining your eligibility are generally not very expensive as the implants dentist knows that you cannot afford to pay for expensive visits that might result in a negative answer.

The dentist will need to take x-rays, and perform other tests to make sure that you have an adequate amount of jawbone available for them to implant the titanium piece next to. If you do not appear to have enough bone mass the dentist will tell you that they can do the implantation but the chances of your jawbone successfully fusing to the titanium rod as less when you have less bone density. The dentist will tell you what the odds are that the procedure will be an expensive failure and then the two of you will decide on whether or not to proceed.

If you suffer from some diseases, like diabetes, you may be told that you are not a good candidate for these replacement teeth. In order to put the titanium rods next to the jawbone surgical incisions will have to be made. People who have diabetes have a difficult time healing from wounds. When the normal person has the rods implanted it can take as long as four months for the wounds to heal and the jawbone to fuse over them. When a person that has diabetes gets the procedure performed they can take twice as long to heal, and sometimes they never heal after the procedure.

People with pre-existing conditions have to talk to the dentist about their health conditions, and what concerns each condition poses for the procedure. People that take beta blockers, or blood thinners may have to stop taking their medication in preparation for the procedure. Some people who take these blood thinners can stop taking them for a few days and still be okay and some people cannot miss a single dose of their medicine. You have to talk to the dentist and be honest about your health and the medicines you take.

Source:EzineArticles

What to Do If You Have a Chipped or Knocked Out Tooth

 

Our teeth often come into contact with hard objects during the course of our everyday lives, through accidentally biting something that is too hard such as a bone or pip, falling over, or walking into a door. It may be tempting to ignore minor chips, but fixing the problem quickly can save a lot of time and trouble in the long run. Follow these guidelines and you may be able to minimize the permanent damage done to your teeth.

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Chipped tooth

This might seem like a minor issue, especially if the chip is small. However, it is possible for bacteria to grow inside the chip or crack in the tooth. In addition, the damaged tooth may become worse over time. What started out as a simple chip may develop into a much bigger problem. As soon as your tooth becomes chipped it is a good idea to make a dental appointment. Your dentist will be able to smooth down the rough edges of your tooth or have the tooth filled if necessary and the procedure will take just a few minutes.

Collect teeth fragments

It is important to make sure that you collect any fragments of your teeth and store them, either in a clean container, or between your gum and cheek. If you use a container, cover the fragments with saliva or milk if available and keep the container sealed until you are able to see your dentist.

What to do if you break a Molar

If one of your Molars is broken, it is essential that you make an appointment to see your dentist immediately. In many cases, it may be possible for the dentist to repair the tooth with a filling or a cap, which is a fairly simple procedure. However, if the network of nerves and blood vessels at the centre of the tooth have become exposed, a root canal may be required. After the damaged tissue has been removed from the center of your tooth, the cavity will be filled and the tooth capped with a ceramic crown.

If your tooth is knocked out and you still have the tooth

It is essential that a knocked out tooth is replaced as soon as possible to maximize the chances of saving it. If you still have the tooth, holding the crown carefully rinse off any dirt with milk and then re-insert the tooth back into the gum. Make sure you re-insert the tooth the right way round. Then place a clean folded handkerchief over the tooth and gently bite down on it. Make an emergency appointment to see your dentist immediately. There is a good change the tooth will be able to re-attach itself if the cells on its root survive, but since the nerve and blood vessels will not repair themselves, a future root canal treatment is inevitable if the tooth is saved.

If you cannot get the tooth back into the socket with gentle pressure, do not force it. Simply place the tooth between your cheek and gum and seek an emergency dental appointment. If a young child has had a tooth knocked out, store the tooth in a container of milk instead to avoid the danger of the child swallowing the tooth.

Your dentist may splint the tooth to the neighbouring teeth to hold it firmly in place while it heals. The splint will normally be made from a piece of wire and you will need to wear it for at least a week. Your dentist should tell you exactly how long to leave the splint on for, and if any follow up treatment is required.

If your tooth is knocked out and you have lost the tooth

If you have lost the tooth you will probably want to have it replaced, especially if the gap is in a prominent position. There are several different options for tooth replacement such as a partial denture, a bridge or an implant. An implant is a permanent solution and involves a ceramic or acrylic crown being attached to the jawbone with a titanium implant. Modern implants are almost indistinguishable from natural teeth, and are generally considered the best option since they provide excellent oral action. Conversely, dentures provide far less biting force and are prone to slippage. A bridge is another option, and whilst much less invasive to fit, supporting a prosthetic tooth by attaching it to the teeth on either side can cause damage to the supporting teeth.

Bear in mind that only adult teeth need to be re-implanted. Children's milk teeth will be naturally replaced by adult teeth before long. However, it is still necessary to book an emergency dental appointment, the dentist will carry out x-rays to ensure that no additional damage has been done below the gum line that could cause pain or further complications.

 Source:  EzineArticles